Our Rootstocks
Bud9
A product of Russian research, B9 (Budagovski-9) is considered by some to be the hardiest of the dwarf rootstocks. It has an ontogenetic resistance to fire blight, i.e., it gains resistance as it ages. Staking and irrigation are strongly recommended for this rootstock.
- Vigour: 30% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 6-7 years
- Suggested spacing: 3-5 feet within the row and 12-14 feet between rows
G41
A new rootstock from the American research program at Cornell University’s Geneva campus, selected for its resistance to Erwinia Amylovora (fire blight). It has been used in Quebec for less than 10 years.
- Vigour: 35% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 6-7 years
- Suggested spacing: 4-6 feet within the row and 14-16 feet between rows
Bud10
A new rootstock from the Russian research program, selected for its enhanced vigour, improved root establishment and resistance to Erwinia Amylovora (fire blight). It has been used in Quebec for less than 10 years.
- Vigour: 40% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 6-7 years
- Suggested spacing: 4-6 feet within the row and 14-16 feet between rows
G11
A new rootstock from the American research program at Cornell University’s Geneva campus, selected for its resistance to Erwinia Amylovora (fire blight). It has been used in Quebec for less than 10 years.
- Vigour: 40% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 6-7 years
- Suggested spacing: 4-6 feet within the row and 14-16 feet between rows
M9 Pajam2 (CEPILAND)
The number one choice of European growers. Considered to be the most vigorous of the M9 types. Promotes good fruit size and colour, as well as early cropping. Recommended for high-density orchards. M9 Cepiland requires support and irrigation.
- Vigour: 40% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 7 years
- Suggested spacing: 4-6 feet within the row and 14-16 feet between rows
M26
M26 is a dwarfing rootstock. It is ideal for those seeking greater vigour in a high-density plot on a low-vigour cultivar, such as Honey Crisp (for example). M26 should be staked. It can be planted immediately after the destruction of an orchard since it is not particularly sensitive to nematodes or to apple replant disease.
- Vigour: 45% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 7-8 years
- Suggested spacing: 5-7 feet within the row and 15-16 feet between rows
G935
A new rootstock from the American research program at Cornell University’s Geneva campus, selected for its resistance to Erwinia Amylovora (fire blight) and Phytophthora. It has been used in Quebec for less than 10 years. Comparable vigour to M26.
- Vigour: 45% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 6-7 years
- Suggested spacing: 5-7 feet within the row and 15-16 feet between rows
G969
A new rootstock from the American research program at Cornell University’s Geneva campus, selected for its resistance to Erwinia Amylovora (fire blight) and Phytophthora. It has been used in Quebec for less than 10 years.
- Vigour: 50% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 7-8 years
- Suggested spacing: 6-8 feet within the row and 16-18 feet between rows
M7
M7 is a good choice for more challenging sites. Trees are well-rooted, sturdy and hardy. Slightly smaller than the M106, it has long been the most widely planted semi-dwarf in the United States. Promotes good fruit size, even during dry seasons. Its main weakness is its tendency to produce root suckers.
- Vigour: 60% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 10-12 years
- Suggested spacing: 8-12 feet within the row and 18-20 feet between rows
MM106
MM106 produces well-anchored trees that are larger than M7. Its high productivity has made it the preferred semi-dwarf rootstock of Quebec growers. It rarely produces root suckers. It does best in well-drained soil and should not be planted in moist or clay-rich sites because of its sensitivity to collar rot (Phytophthora).
- Vigour: 70% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 12 years
- Suggested spacing: 12-14 feet within the row and 18-22 feet between rows
G890
A new rootstock from the American research program at Cornell University’s Geneva campus, selected for its resistance to Erwinia Amylovora (fire blight). It has been used in Quebec for less than 10 years. Good root establishment. Does not require staking.
- Vigour: 75% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: 12 years
- Suggested spacing: 14-16 feet within the row and 20-22 feet between rows
MM111
Semi-vigorous. When all other rootstocks have failed, MM111 may be a last-chance option. It performs very well in many types of soils and is the most drought resistant of the rootstocks. However, it is still a fruit tree, meaning that it is not a miracle solution for all types of problems. MM111 is very well anchored and does not need staking.
- Vigour: 85% of a standard tree
- Full yield of the plot: +/- 15 years
- Suggested spacing: 16-18 feet within the row and 24-30 feet between rows